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The book is an account of Carl Lumholtz's expedition to the Sierra Madre mountains in Mexico to explore the region and study the primitive people who inhabit it. The team, consisting of scientists and students, faces various obstacles, including difficult terrain, wild animals, and Apache Indians, as they travel through the mountains. Along the way, they discover signs of ancient inhabitants, including stone terraces and ruins of old pueblos, and collect many species of plants and animals. The team eventually arrives at the Bavispe River and sets up camp, where they find evidence of former habitation and excavate ancient mounds, uncovering many interesting artifacts. The author visits various villages, including those of the Tarahumare Indians, and learns about their customs, traditions, and way of life, including their system of justice, agriculture, and diet. The Tarahumares are described as polite and courteous, with a strong sense of community and respect for their elders, and the author notes their unique approach to healthcare, using spiritual and magical remedies to cure illnesses. The book also describes the author's encounters with other indigenous groups, including the Cora Indians, and his observations of their customs and traditions. Throughout the book, the author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team. The book provides a detailed and fascinating account of the people, culture, and geography of the Sierra Madre region, and offers insights into the lives and traditions of the indigenous groups who inhabit it.
The chapter describes the author's preparations for an expedition to explore the Sierra Madre mountains in Mexico. The author, Carl Lumholtz, had previously traveled in Australia and became interested in studying primitive people. He planned to explore the Sierra Madre to search for the descendants of the people who once inhabited the cliff dwellings in the Southwest of the United States. Lumholtz assembled a team of scientists and students, including a physical geographer, archæologist, botanists, zoölogical collector, and mineralogist. The team set out from Bisbee, Arizona, and traveled south into Mexico, where they encountered various obstacles, including difficult terrain, wild animals, and Apache Indians. Along the way, they discovered signs of ancient inhabitants, including stone terraces and ruins of old pueblos. The team also collected many species of plants and animals, including a new species of century plant and a new species of squirrel. The author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team. The chapter concludes with the team's arrival at the foot of the Sierra Madre, where they began their ascent into the mountains.
The chapter describes Carl Lumholtz's preparations for an expedition to explore the Sierra Madre mountains in Mexico. He assembles a team of scientists and students, including a physical geographer, archæologist, botanists, zoölogical collector, and mineralogist. The team sets out from Bisbee, Arizona, and travels south into Mexico, encountering various obstacles, including difficult terrain, wild animals, and Apache Indians. Along the way, they discover signs of ancient inhabitants, including stone terraces and ruins of old pueblos. The team also collects many species of plants and animals, including a new species of century plant and a new species of squirrel. Lumholtz reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team. The chapter concludes with the team's arrival at the foot of the Sierra Madre, where they begin their ascent into the mountains.
The chapter describes Carl Lumholtz's continued expedition to explore the Sierra Madre mountains in Mexico. He and his team encountered various obstacles, including difficult terrain and wild animals, and discovered signs of ancient inhabitants, such as stone terraces and ruins of old pueblos. They also collected many species of plants and animals, and Lumholtz reflected on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains. The team arrived at the Bavispe River and set up camp, where they found evidence of former habitation, including low stone walls and fortresses. Lumholtz decided to move the camp to the right bank of the river and sent some men to search for a casa blanca, a type of ancient dwelling. They eventually arrived at the Mormon settlement of Pacheco, where they were welcomed and allowed to excavate some ancient mounds. The team found many interesting artifacts, including pottery, tools, and skeletons, which provided valuable insights into the culture and way of life of the ancient people who once inhabited the region.
The chapter describes the author's continued expedition to explore the Sierra Madre mountains in Mexico. The team encounters various obstacles, including difficult terrain and wild animals, and discovers signs of ancient inhabitants, such as stone terraces and ruins of old pueblos. They also collect many species of plants and animals, and the author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains. The team arrives at the Bavispe River and sets up camp, where they find evidence of former habitation, including low stone walls and fortresses. The author decides to move the camp to the right bank of the river and sends some men to search for a casa blanca, a type of ancient dwelling. They eventually arrive at the Mormon settlement of Pacheco, where they are welcomed and allowed to excavate some ancient mounds. The team finds many interesting artifacts, including pottery, tools, and skeletons, which provide valuable insights into the culture and way of life of the ancient people who once inhabited the region. The author also visits the nearby settlement of Cave Valley, where they find numerous cave dwellings and excavate several mounds, uncovering more artifacts and skeletons. The team spends several weeks in Cave Valley, excavating and exploring the surrounding area, and eventually moves on to the plains of San Diego, where they visit the village of Casas Grandes and explore the nearby watchtower.
The chapter describes the author's continued expedition to explore the Sierra Madre mountains in Mexico. The team encounters various obstacles, including difficult terrain and wild animals, and discovers signs of ancient inhabitants, such as stone terraces and ruins of old pueblos. They also collect many species of plants and animals, and the author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains. The team arrives at the Bavispe River and sets up camp, where they find evidence of former habitation, including low stone walls and fortresses. The author decides to move the camp to the right bank of the river and sends some men to search for a casa blanca, a type of ancient dwelling. They eventually arrive at the Mormon settlement of Pacheco, where they are welcomed and allowed to excavate some ancient mounds. The team finds many interesting artifacts, including pottery, tools, and skeletons, which provide valuable insights into the culture and way of life of the ancient people who once inhabited the region. The author also visits the nearby settlement of Cave Valley, where they find numerous cave dwellings and excavate several mounds, uncovering more artifacts and skeletons. The team spends several weeks in Cave Valley, excavating and exploring the surrounding area, and eventually moves on to the plains of San Diego, where they visit the village of Casas Grandes and explore the nearby watchtower.
The chapter describes the author's continued expedition to explore the Sierra Madre mountains in Mexico. The team encounters various obstacles, including difficult terrain and wild animals, and discovers signs of ancient inhabitants, such as stone terraces and ruins of old pueblos. They also collect many species of plants and animals, and the author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains. The team arrives at the Bavispe River and sets up camp, where they find evidence of former habitation, including low stone walls and fortresses. The author decides to move the camp to the right bank of the river and sends some men to search for a casa blanca, a type of ancient dwelling. They eventually arrive at the Mormon settlement of Pacheco, where they are welcomed and allowed to excavate some ancient mounds. The team finds many interesting artifacts, including pottery, tools, and skeletons, which provide valuable insights into the culture and way of life of the ancient people who once inhabited the region. The author also visits the nearby settlement of Cave Valley, where they find numerous cave dwellings and excavate several mounds, uncovering more artifacts and skeletons. The team spends several weeks in Cave Valley, excavating and exploring the surrounding area, and eventually moves on to the plains of San Diego, where they visit the village of Casas Grandes and explore the nearby watchtower.
The chapter describes the author's continued expedition to explore the Sierra Madre mountains in Mexico, where he encounters the Tarahumare Indians. The author visits the village of Cusarare, where he observes a Tarahumare court in session, and learns about their system of justice and their use of a staff as a symbol of authority. He also discovers that the Tarahumares use trincheras, or stone walls, to cultivate their crops on the mountain slopes. The author then travels to the village of Zapuri, where he meets a Mexican superintendent who receives him with hospitality. He learns about the Tarahumares' customs and way of life, including their diet, which consists mainly of corn, beans, and squash, as well as their use of a drink called iskiate, made from toasted corn. The author also observes the Tarahumares' skill in climbing and descending steep mountain slopes, and notes their use of caves as dwellings and storehouses.
The author continues his journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, encountering various obstacles and meeting the Tarahumare Indians. He learns about their customs, traditions, and way of life, including their system of justice, their use of trincheras for agriculture, and their love for the pithaya fruit. The author also visits the village of Yoquibo, where he meets a Tarahumare who had been to Chicago, and learns about the legend of the Cocoyomes, a mysterious people who are said to be the ancestors of the Tarahumares. He then arrives at the village of Guachochic, where he meets Don Miguel, a just and helpful man who enjoys a good reputation among the Indians. The author also meets the presidente of Guachochic, who is teaching his young wife how to weave, and learns about the various remedies used by the Tarahumares to cure illnesses. He then sets out on an excursion to the north-east, following the river and noticing the beautiful scenery and the various flora and fauna of the region. The author eventually arrives at the village of Norogachic, where he meets the padre and his family, who make him feel welcome. He learns about the Tarahumares' agriculture, including their use of the primitive plough and their ceremonies connected with the planting of corn. The author also learns about the Tarahumares' domestic animals, including their dogs, and their mode of burial in ancient caves.
The author continues their journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, facing various obstacles and meeting the Tarahumare Indians. They learn about the Tarahumares' customs, traditions, and way of life, including their system of justice, agriculture, and diet. The author also visits the village of Cusarare, where they observe a Tarahumare court in session and learn about the importance of the staff as a symbol of authority. They discover that the Tarahumares use trincheras, or stone walls, to cultivate their crops on the mountain slopes. The author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team.
The chapter describes the author's continued journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, where he encounters the Tarahumare Indians. He visits various villages, including Bocoyna, Cusarare, and Norogachic, and observes the Indians' daily life, customs, and traditions. The author notes the Indians' skill in farming and their use of stone walls to cultivate crops on mountain slopes. He also describes their unique houses, which are made of wood and stone, and their storehouses, which are used to store food and other essentials. The author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team. He also discusses the Indians' diet, which consists mainly of corn, beans, and squash, as well as their use of a drink called iskiate, made from toasted corn. The chapter concludes with the author's arrival at the village of Norogachic, where he is received with hospitality by the locals.
The author continues his journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, encountering various obstacles and meeting the Tarahumare Indians. He visits the village of Bocoyna, where he stops for two days due to illness, and meets the presidente, a powerful-looking half-caste who is very original. The author learns about the Tarahumare system of justice and their use of trincheras for agriculture. He also discovers that the Tarahumares use a drink called iskiate, made from toasted corn, which is strengthening and refreshing. The author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team. He eventually arrives at the village of Norogachic, where he is received with hospitality by the locals.
The author continues their journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, encountering various obstacles and meeting the Tarahumare Indians. They learn about the Tarahumare system of justice, their use of trincheras for agriculture, and their customs and way of life. The author also visits the village of Cusarare, where they observe a Tarahumare court in session and learn about the importance of the staff as a symbol of authority. They discover that the Tarahumares use trincheras, or stone walls, to cultivate their crops on the mountain slopes. The author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team.
The chapter describes the daily life, customs, and traditions of the Tarahumare Indians. It covers various aspects of their lives, including their diet, clothing, social etiquette, marriage ceremonies, and child-rearing practices. The Tarahumares are described as polite and courteous, with a strong sense of community and respect for their elders. They have a rich cultural heritage, with a strong emphasis on music, dance, and storytelling. The chapter also touches on their spiritual beliefs, including their worship of the sun, moon, and stars, and their fear of the devil. The Tarahumares have a unique approach to healthcare, with a focus on spiritual and magical remedies, and their shamans play a central role in their society as healers, priests, and keepers of traditional knowledge.
The chapter describes the daily life and customs of the Tarahumare Indians, including their politeness, etiquette, and social interactions. The Tarahumares are described as polite and courteous, with a strong sense of community and respect for their elders. They have a unique way of greeting each other, using phrases such as "Assagá" (sit down), and they place a high value on hospitality. The chapter also describes the Tarahumares' daily routine, including their rising and retiring with the sun, and their activities such as hunting, farming, and crafting. The Tarahumare women are described as hardworking and diligent, responsible for tasks such as grinding corn, boiling beans, and weaving blankets. The chapter also touches on the Tarahumares' customs and traditions, including their marriage ceremonies, childbirth practices, and child-rearing methods. Additionally, the chapter describes the Tarahumares' love of games and sports, including foot-racing, which is considered their national sport, and their use of magical devices and remedies to secure success in these activities.
The chapter describes the daily life, customs, and traditions of the Tarahumare Indians, including their diet, clothing, social etiquette, marriage ceremonies, and child-rearing practices. The Tarahumares are described as polite and courteous, with a strong sense of community and respect for their elders. They have a rich cultural heritage, with a strong emphasis on music, dance, and storytelling. The chapter also touches on their spiritual beliefs, including their worship of the sun, moon, and stars, and their fear of the devil. Additionally, the chapter provides information on the Tarahumare physique, bodily movements, and their remarkable endurance, as well as their honesty, dexterity, and ingenuity. The Tarahumares are also skilled observers of the celestial bodies and weather-forecasters, and they have a unique approach to healthcare, with a focus on spiritual and magical remedies. Their shamans play a central role in their society as healers, priests, and keepers of traditional knowledge. The chapter concludes with a description of the Tarahumare's love of games and sports, including foot-racing, which is considered their national sport, and their use of magical devices and remedies to secure success in these activities.
The chapter provides an in-depth look at the daily life, customs, and traditions of the Tarahumare Indians. The Tarahumares are described as polite and courteous, with a strong sense of community and respect for their elders. They have a unique approach to hospitality, where visitors are not allowed to enter a house without formal invitation. The Tarahumares are skilled farmers, hunters, and craftsmen, and their daily routine involves activities such as grinding corn, boiling beans, and weaving blankets. They also have a rich cultural heritage, with a strong emphasis on music, dance, and storytelling. The chapter also touches on their spiritual beliefs, including their worship of the sun, moon, and stars, and their fear of the devil. The Tarahumares have a complex system of justice, with a focus on restitution and reconciliation rather than punishment. The chapter concludes with a description of their love of games and sports, including foot-racing, which is considered their national sport.
The chapter describes the Tarahumare Indians' daily life, customs, and traditions. The Tarahumares are polite and courteous, with a strong sense of community and respect for their elders. They have a unique approach to hospitality, where visitors are not allowed to enter a house without formal invitation. The chapter also touches on their spiritual beliefs, including their worship of the sun, moon, and stars, and their fear of the devil. The Tarahumares have a complex system of justice, with a focus on restitution and reconciliation rather than punishment. The chapter concludes with a description of their love of games and sports, including foot-racing, which is considered their national sport. Additionally, the chapter provides information on the Tarahumare physique, bodily movements, and their remarkable endurance, as well as their honesty, dexterity, and ingenuity. The Tarahumares are also skilled observers of the celestial bodies and weather-forecasters, and they have a unique approach to healthcare, with a focus on spiritual and magical remedies.
The chapter describes the author's journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, where he encounters the Tarahumare Indians and learns about their customs, traditions, and way of life. The author visits various villages, including Bocoyna, Cusarare, and Norogachic, and observes the Indians' daily life, including their farming practices, social interactions, and spiritual beliefs. The author also learns about the Tarahumares' system of justice, their use of trincheras for agriculture, and their love for the pithaya fruit. Additionally, the author discovers that the Tarahumares have a unique approach to healthcare, using spiritual and magical remedies to cure illnesses. The chapter concludes with the author's reflection on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team.
The chapter describes the author's journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, where he encounters the Tarahumare Indians and learns about their customs, traditions, and way of life. The author visits various villages, including Bocoyna, Cusarare, and Norogachic, and observes the Indians' daily life, including their farming practices, social interactions, and spiritual beliefs. The author also learns about the Tarahumare system of justice, their use of trincheras for agriculture, and their love for the pithaya fruit. Additionally, the author discovers that the Tarahumares have a unique approach to healthcare, using spiritual and magical remedies to cure illnesses. The chapter concludes with the author's reflection on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team.
The chapter discusses the Tarahumare Indians' beliefs and practices related to death, the afterlife, and the supernatural. The Tarahumares believe in a future life and that the dead can harm the living, so they perform various rituals and ceremonies to keep the dead at bay. They also believe that the dead can be mischievous and try to lure the living to join them, so they must be kept away through rituals and offerings. The chapter describes the Tarahumares' burial customs, including the use of artificial flowers, crosses, and food offerings, as well as their practice of destroying the deceased's belongings to prevent them from being used by the dead. The Tarahumares also believe in the power of hikuli, a type of cactus, to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune. The chapter concludes with a description of a funeral sermon, in which the shaman upbraids the dead for their rash actions and tells them to stay away from the living.
The chapter describes the author's journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, where he encounters the Tarahumare Indians and learns about their customs, traditions, and way of life. The author visits various villages, including Bocoyna, Cusarare, and Norogachic, and observes the Indians' daily life, including their farming practices, social interactions, and spiritual beliefs. The author also learns about the Tarahumare system of justice, their use of trincheras for agriculture, and their love for the pithaya fruit. Additionally, the author discovers that the Tarahumares have a unique approach to healthcare, using spiritual and magical remedies to cure illnesses. The chapter concludes with the author's reflection on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team.
The chapter describes the author's continued journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, where he encounters various obstacles and meets the Tarahumare Indians. The author visits the village of Bocoyna, where he meets a Tarahumare who had been to Chicago, and learns about the legend of the Cocoyomes, a mysterious people who are said to be the ancestors of the Tarahumares. He then arrives at the village of Guachochic, where he meets Don Miguel, a just and helpful man who enjoys a good reputation among the Indians. The author also meets the presidente of Guachochic, who is teaching his young wife how to weave, and learns about the various remedies used by the Tarahumares to cure illnesses. The chapter concludes with the author's reflection on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team.
The chapter describes the author's journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, where he encounters the Tarahumare Indians and learns about their customs, traditions, and way of life. He visits various villages, including Bocoyna, Cusarare, and Norogachic, and observes the Indians' daily life, including their farming practices, social interactions, and spiritual beliefs. The author also reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team. Additionally, he discusses the Tarahumares' diet, which consists mainly of corn, beans, and squash, as well as their use of a drink called iskiate, made from toasted corn. The author notes that the Tarahumares have a unique approach to healthcare, using spiritual and magical remedies to cure illnesses, and that their shamans play a central role in their society as healers, priests, and keepers of traditional knowledge.
The chapter describes the author's journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, where he encounters various obstacles and meets the Tarahumare Indians. He visits several villages, including Bocoyna, Cusarare, and Norogachic, and observes the Indians' daily life, customs, and traditions. The author also learns about the Tarahumare system of justice, their use of trincheras for agriculture, and their love for the pithaya fruit. Additionally, he discovers that the Tarahumares have a unique approach to healthcare, using spiritual and magical remedies to cure illnesses. The author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team. He also discusses the impact of civilization on the Tarahumares, including the destruction of their sacred plants and the introduction of new diseases. The chapter concludes with the author's arrival at the village of Norogachic, where he is received with hospitality by the locals.
The chapter describes the author's journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, where he encounters the Tarahumare Indians and learns about their customs, traditions, and way of life. He visits various villages, including Bocoyna, Cusarare, and Norogachic, and observes the Indians' daily life, including their farming practices, social interactions, and spiritual beliefs. The author also learns about the Tarahumare system of justice, their use of trincheras for agriculture, and their love for the pithaya fruit. Additionally, he discovers that the Tarahumares have a unique approach to healthcare, using spiritual and magical remedies to cure illnesses. The chapter concludes with the author's reflection on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team.
The chapter describes the author's journey through the Sierra Madre mountains, where he encounters the Tarahumare Indians and learns about their customs, traditions, and way of life. He visits various villages, including Bocoyna, Cusarare, and Norogachic, and observes the Indians' daily life, including their farming practices, social interactions, and spiritual beliefs. The author also learns about the Tarahumare system of justice, their use of trincheras for agriculture, and their love for the pithaya fruit. Additionally, he discovers that the Tarahumares have a unique approach to healthcare, using spiritual and magical remedies to cure illnesses. The chapter concludes with the author's reflection on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team.
The chapter describes the author's journey to the Cora Indian village of Santa Teresa, where he is met with suspicion and hostility. He eventually gains the trust of the villagers and is invited to a communal feast, where he is treated to a unique and delicious meal. The author also learns about the Cora's customs and traditions, including their system of justice, their use of trincheras for agriculture, and their love for the pithaya fruit. He visits the village of Jesus Maria, where he meets a Cora shaman who shares with him the tribe's myths, traditions, and history. The author also attends a mitote dance, where he is struck by the beauty and significance of the ceremony. Throughout his journey, the author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team.
The author bids farewell to Santa Teresa and begins his journey to the Cora Indian village of Jesus Maria, accompanied by a friendly Cora guide named Nuberto. Along the way, he takes in the breathtaking view of the Tierra Caliente below and the Pacific Ocean in the distance. The author arrives at Jesus Maria and is struck by the grandeur of the old church and the humble appearance of the rest of the houses. He meets a Cora shaman who shares with him the tribe's myths, traditions, and history, and learns about the importance of the Morning Star, the tribe's great god. The author also attends a communal feast, where he is treated to a unique and delicious meal, and witnesses a traditional dance called "la danza". However, his stay is marred by the suspicion and hostility of the local Mexicans, who have been influenced by a padre's denunciation of him as a Protestant missionary. Despite this, the author is able to gather valuable information about the Coras and their customs, and eventually departs for the Huichol country, facing a difficult journey ahead.
The author continues his journey to the Cora Indian village of San Francisco, where he is warmly received. He learns about the Cora's customs, traditions, and way of life, including their system of justice, use of trincheras for agriculture, and love for the pithaya fruit. The author also discovers that the Coras have a unique approach to healthcare, using spiritual and magical remedies to cure illnesses. He attends a communal feast and is treated to a variety of dishes, including meat, broth, and atole. The author reflects on the challenges of traveling in the Mexican mountains and the importance of having a good guide and a well-organized team. He also notes the impact of civilization on the Coras, including the destruction of their sacred plants and the introduction of new diseases. The chapter concludes with the author's preparation to leave San Francisco and head to the Huichol country, despite the warnings from the Mexicans that the Huichols are on the warpath and will not allow him to enter their pueblos.