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The book is a collection of interviews with former slaves from Arkansas, conducted by various interviewers as part of the Federal Writers' Project. The interviews provide first-hand accounts of the experiences of slaves and their lives after emancipation, offering a unique glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on the period of slavery and its aftermath. The interviewees share their stories, memories, and opinions on various topics, including their lives as slaves, their relationships with their owners, their experiences during the Civil War, and their struggles and achievements after freedom. They also discuss themes such as family, community, education, and social change, providing insight into the lives of African Americans during and after slavery. The interviews reveal the harsh realities of slavery, including physical abuse, separation from families, and limited access to education and economic opportunities. However, they also highlight the resilience and determination of former slaves, who worked to rebuild their lives and create new communities after emancipation. The book provides a valuable historical record of the experiences of former slaves and their contributions to the social, economic, and cultural development of Arkansas and the United States.
The chapter contains a collection of interviews with former slaves, conducted by various interviewers, as part of the Federal Writers' Project. The interviews provide first-hand accounts of the experiences of slaves and their lives after emancipation. The interviewees share their stories, memories, and opinions on various topics, including their lives as slaves, their relationships with their owners, their experiences during the Civil War, and their struggles and achievements after freedom. The interviews also touch on themes such as family, community, education, and social change. The chapter offers a unique glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on the period of slavery and its aftermath.
Ellen Vaden, an 83-year-old former slave, shares her experiences and memories of slavery and the Ku Klux Klan. She was born in Arkansas and belonged to Dave and Luiza Johnson, who had two girls and a boy. Ellen's mother came from Georgia, and her father lived nearby, but she doesn't know much about him. Ellen remembers the Ku Klux Klan's presence and their treatment of African Americans, including a time when they came to her owner's house and were told to leave. She also recalls an incident where a colored man was beaten for being a Republican. Ellen receives $8 and commodities from the government and lives in DeValls Bluff, Arkansas. She believes that times have changed and that people are responsible for the changes, but she doesn't think she could vote even if she wanted to.
Nettie Van Buren, a 62-year-old former slave and ex-school teacher, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Arkansas and her mother was a slave who belonged to Reverend Porter, a Presbyterian minister. Nettie's father, Jerry Smith, was a slave who belonged to Judge Smith in North Carolina. After the war, Nettie's parents settled in Clarendon, Arkansas, where her father farmed and owned a home. Nettie attended boarding school in Cotton Plant and Jacksonville, Illinois, and later became a primary teacher in Clarendon. She is married and has one child, and her husband works as a cook on a government derrick boat. Nettie expresses concerns about the present conditions, citing the extravagance of young people and the struggles of the old folks. She also mentions the lack of job opportunities for local folks and the preference for outsiders. Despite these challenges, Nettie tries to look at the situation in an encouraging way.
Adelaide J. Vaughn, a 69-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Huntsville, Alabama, and her mother brought her to Arkansas when she was five years old. Adelaide's mother was sold from her father when she was four years old and was raised by the Hickman family. Adelaide recounts her mother's experiences, including being hired out to work for Mr. Candle, where she was mistreated by his wife. Adelaide also shares stories about her own life, including her marriage and children. She expresses her concerns about the present conditions, citing the difficulties faced by young people and the lack of job opportunities. Adelaide belongs to the Bethel A.M.E. Church and is critical of the behavior of some young people, but overall, she is grateful for her life and the opportunities she has had.
Emmeline Waddille, a 106-year-old former slave, was born in Haben County, Georgia, and was brought to Arkansas by her owner, L.W.C. Waddille, in 1851. She lived with her owner's family and nursed six generations of their children. Emmeline was born deaf and mute but regained her hearing and speech after being struck by lightning. She experienced the hardships of pioneer life, including stopping for the night on the rough journey and cooking meals over an open fire. Emmeline's life was marked by her loyalty to her owner's family and her dedication to caring for their children.
The chapter provides an account of the life of Charlie Vaden, a 77-year-old former slave, who shares his experiences and memories of slavery and the aftermath of the Civil War. Charlie was born into slavery and belonged to Mrs. Frances Owens, who treated him well and taught him various skills. He worked as a farmer and eventually bought his own farm, but lost it due to financial difficulties. Charlie also shares his beliefs in herb medicine and weather signs, and expresses his gratitude for the life he has lived. The chapter also includes accounts from other former slaves, including Ellen Vaden, Nettie Van Buren, Adelaide J. Vaughn, and Emmeline Waddille, who share their own experiences and perspectives on slavery and freedom.
Henry Waldon, an 84-year-old former slave, shared his experiences and memories of slavery and the aftermath of the Civil War. He was born in Lauderdale County, Mississippi, and belonged to Sterling and Richmond Huff. Henry's father was a slave who belonged to Judge Smith in North Carolina, but he took the Warren's name because they treated him well. Henry's mother had twelve children, and he was one of the four children his father had with her. After the war, Henry's family moved to Arkansas, where he worked on a farm and later for the railroad company for thirty-eight years. Henry expressed his gratitude for his life and the opportunities he had, but also mentioned the difficulties faced by African Americans during and after slavery. He believed that the young people of his time were not as well off as he was at their age and that they were too idle and disorderly.
Aunt Clara Walker, a 111-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Arkansas, near the Louisiana border, and was owned by Mr. Cornelius. Aunt Clara claims to have been born with a veil over her face, which allegedly signifies that she can see spirits and ghosts. She discusses her work as a midwife, having delivered over 200 babies, and her ability to weave and make clothes. Aunt Clara also talks about her life after emancipation, including her move to California and her work panning for gold. She expresses her gratitude for her life and the opportunities she has had, despite facing hardships and challenges.
Henry Walker, an 80-year-old former slave, shares his experiences and memories of slavery and the aftermath of the Civil War. Born in Tennessee, Henry was raised by his owner, Colonel Williams, and his family, who treated him well. However, Henry's life took a turn when he was forced to leave the plantation and make a living on his own. He worked as a farmer and later as a laborer, but struggled to make ends meet. Henry expresses his gratitude for the life he has lived, but also notes the difficulties faced by African Americans during and after slavery. He believes that the young people of his time are not as well off as he was at their age and that they are too idle and disorderly. Henry receives some assistance from the Sociable Welfare, but relies heavily on his children for support.
Henry Walker, a 78-year-old former slave, shares his experiences and memories of slavery and the aftermath of the Civil War. Born in Tennessee, Henry was raised by his owner, Colonel Williams, and his family, who treated him well. However, Henry's life took a turn when he was forced to leave the plantation and make a living on his own. He worked as a farmer and later as a laborer but struggled to make ends meet. Henry expresses his gratitude for the life he has lived but also notes the difficulties faced by African Americans during and after slavery. He believes that the young people of his time are not as well off as he was at their age and that they are too idle and disorderly. Henry receives some assistance from the Sociable Welfare but relies heavily on his children for support.
Jake Walker, a 95-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Alabama in 1842 and was owned by John Carmichael and his wife, Miss Nancy. Jake worked on the farm and in the house, doing various tasks such as plowing, cooking, and taking care of the children. He remembers the Yankees coming to the farm and taking food and animals, and he also recalls the Ku Klux Klan and the paterollers who would patrol the roads and whip any slaves they found without a pass. After the war, Jake worked as a carpenter and farmer, and he eventually moved to Arkansas, where he has lived for over 40 years. He has been married three times and has one child, and he is currently living in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Jake is proud of his life and the fact that he has always taken care of himself, and he is disappointed in the younger generation, who he believes are not as hardworking or responsible as they should be.
The chapter features an interview with Jake Walker, a 68-year-old former slave from Wheatley, Arkansas. Jake shares his life story, including his birth in Mississippi, his parents' experiences as slaves, and his own experiences working on plantations and farms. He discusses his marriages, children, and various occupations, including farming, sawmilling, and public work. Jake also talks about his voting history, having voted Republican, and his thoughts on the younger generation, whom he believes are too idle and disorderly. The interview provides a glimpse into Jake's life as a former slave and his perspectives on freedom, work, and social change.
Willie Wallace, an 80-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Green County, Alabama, and belonged to Elihu Steele and his wife, Julia. Willie remembers his life on the plantation, where he was chosen to work as a cook and washer due to being a twin. He recalls the Yankees coming to the plantation and his father, who was crippled, carrying the children to the field to be suckled. After the war, Willie's family stayed on the plantation for several years before moving to other places, including Thomas, West Virginia, and Birmingham, Alabama. Willie got married at the age of 15 and had 12 children. He worked various jobs, including farming and carpentry, and eventually moved to Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Willie expresses his disappointment with the current state of affairs, saying that people are getting worse and that the younger generation is not as good as it used to be.
Evans Warrior, an 80-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Dallas County, Arkansas, and was taken to Texas by his owner, Nat Smith, before the war. Evans recalls the Yankees coming through Texas after the war and asking his mother for bread. He also mentions that his family returned to Arkansas after the war and lived on their native home in Dallas County. Evans worked as a farmer and later rented land, paying $5 or $6 per acre. He voted for the Republican ticket and received assistance from the government when he became disabled. Evans expresses his disappointment with the younger generation, stating that they are not as hardworking or responsible as they should be.
Anna Washington, a 77-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Virginia and sold to George Birdsong, who wanted light-skinned slaves for housework and waiting tables. Anna's parents were also slaves, and her father, Benjamin Washington, was a skilled mechanic who helped build the old State House in Washington. After the war, Anna's family moved to Arkansas, where she grew up and got married. She had several children and worked as a field hand, but never learned to read or write. Anna's story provides insight into the life of a former slave and her experiences with slavery, freedom, and family.
Eliza Washington, a 77-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Arkansas and lived with her mother in a log house. Her mother was a field hand and was treated well by their white folks, who fed them well and provided them with whatever they needed. Eliza remembers the biggest time on the plantations was corn shucking time, where everyone would gather to shuck corn and sing sad songs. She also recalls dances, quiltings, and weddings, where people would come together to socialize and have a good time. Eliza's mother was strong and could lift one end of a log, and she never was whipped by the white folks. After the war, Eliza's family stayed on the plantation for a while before moving to another place. Eliza worked as a field hand and later did day's work, but she couldn't get much to do and didn't get paid much. She can't get a pension and relies on her daughter-in-law for support. Eliza believes that the present generation is not as good as they used to be and that they are too idle and disorderly.
Jennie Washington, an 80-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in St. Charles, Arkansas, and her parents were slaves who belonged to Jack Walton. Jennie's mother was sold twice, first to the Prices and then to the Wakefields, before being owned by Walton. Jennie remembers the war and the Yankees coming to their area, but she was too small to notice much change after freedom. She lived with her family on the Walton plantation for ten years after the war and was treated well by the white folks. Jennie worked hard all her life, never making much, and always struggled to get ahead. She married twice, first in a church and then at home, and had four children. Jennie receives welfare assistance and works in her garden, but her children don't help her much. She believes the present generation is no worse than they have ever been and that they have drawn closer together, but everything is so high that they can't save anything.
Parrish Washington, an 86-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Arkansas in 1852 and belonged to Sam Warren. Parrish remembers the Rebel generals, General Price and General Marmaduke, and recalls the Yankees coming to the area. He also mentions that his family started to Texas but was stopped by the Yankees in the Saline bottoms. After the war, Parrish's family stayed on the same place, and he was treated better by his owners. He farmed until 1887 and then joined the Conference and preached for nearly 40 years. Parrish voted for the Republican ticket and was a justice of the peace for four years. He expresses hope for the young people of the future but believes that the world needs to change its ways to avoid going to the devil.
Caroline Watson, an 82-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Mississippi in 1855 and had good white folks who raised her well. She remembers the Yankees coming around during the war and everyone being joyful when the war ended. After the war, she went to school and later married, having four sons and one daughter. Her sons take care of her now, and she has given up working. Caroline expresses her concern about the younger generation, stating that they have gone to the dogs and need to be sent somewhere to work. She wishes she could see some of her old white folks again and is grateful for her religion, which she believes will help her die with peace.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Cora Weathers, Ishe Webb, Alfred Wells, Douglas Wells, John Wells, Sarah Wells, Robert Wesley, Maggie Wesmoland, Calvin West, Sylvester Wethington, Joe Whitaker, Sarah Whitmore, Dock Wilborn, Bell Wilks, Bell Williams, Charlie Williams, Columbus Williams, and Frank Williams. They share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. Some of the interviewees describe the harsh treatment they received from their slave owners, including whippings and physical abuse. Others talk about their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Several interviewees also discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
Bart Wayne, a 72-year-old former slave, was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi, in 1866, two years after the surrender. His parents, Mary and Dan Wayne, were never sold and belonged to Dr. Leard and Mallard Jones. Bart never knew his father's original name, as he was called by his owner's name. He recalls visiting Dr. Leard, who lived in a big fine house at Sardis, Mississippi. Bart receives $10 a month and finds the present times hard. He is uncertain about the current state of affairs and the behavior of people nowadays.
Annie Mae Weathers, born around 1867 in Caledonia, Arkansas, shares her experiences as a former slave. She belonged to the Ford family and worked on their farm, where she and her family were tasked with farming and planting crops. Annie Mae recalls the harsh conditions of slavery, including the lack of access to education and the physical demands of farm work. After emancipation, she continued to work on the farm and was eventually hired out for her clothes and food. She remembers the songs and games she played as a child, including "Early to bed and early to rise" and "Honey, honey Bee." Annie Mae's story provides a glimpse into the life of a former slave and her experiences during and after the Civil War.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Cora Weathers, Ishe Webb, Alfred Wells, Douglas Wells, John Wells, Sarah Wells, Robert Wesley, Maggie Wesmoland, Calvin West, Sylvester Wethington, Joe Whitaker, Sarah Whitmore, Dock Wilborn, Bell Wilks, Bell Williams, Charlie Williams, Columbus Williams, and Frank Williams. They share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. Some of the interviewees describe the harsh treatment they received from their slave owners, including whippings and physical abuse. Others talk about their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Several interviewees also discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Cora Weathers and Ishe Webb, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. Cora Weathers was born in Dallas County, Mississippi, and was sold to Ben Worthington. She recalls the Yankees coming to her plantation and taking food and animals, and her mother being whipped for trying to protect her children. Ishe Webb was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and was sold to Huel Webb. He remembers the Yankees coming to his plantation and his father being sold to another man. Both Cora and Ishe share their experiences of being freed and trying to make a new life for themselves after the war. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features a collection of interviews with former slaves, including Cora Weathers and Ishe Webb, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. Cora Weathers was born in Dallas County, Mississippi, and was sold to Ben Worthington. She recalls the Yankees coming to her plantation and taking food and animals, and her mother being whipped for trying to protect her children. Ishe Webb was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and was sold to Huel Webb. He remembers the Yankees coming to his plantation and his father being sold to another man. Both Cora and Ishe share their experiences of being freed and trying to make a new life for themselves after the war. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
Douglas Wells, an 83-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Mississippi and belonged to Miss Nancy Davis. His family stayed on her plantation after the war and worked as sharecroppers. Douglas recalls the Yankees coming to the plantation and taking food and animals, and his mistress hiding provisions to keep them from being taken. He also remembers his mistress being kind to him and his family, and how she allowed them to stay on the plantation after the war. Douglas worked as a farmer and later as a laborer, but struggled to make ends meet. He expresses gratitude for the life he has lived and the opportunities he has had, despite facing difficulties and hardships.
John Wells, an 82-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Edmondson, Arkansas, and his owner was Captain R. Campbell Jones, who treated him well. John's father, Joe Jones Wells, was a slave who belonged to Captain Jones and worked as a blacksmith and farmer. After the war, John's family stayed on Captain Jones' farm and worked as sharecroppers. John recalls the Yankees coming to the farm and taking food and animals, and his father's plan to join the Yankees. He also remembers the Ku Klux Klan and the difficulties faced by African Americans during and after slavery. John expresses gratitude for his life and the opportunities he has had, despite facing hardships and challenges. He believes that the young people of his time are not as well off as he was at their age and that they are too idle and disorderly. John receives some assistance from the government but relies heavily on his children for support.
The chapter features an interview with Sarah Wells, an 84-year-old former slave from Little Rock, Arkansas. Sarah was born in Warren County, Mississippi, on Ben Worthington's plantation. She shares her experiences as a slave, including her work as a field hand, and her life after emancipation. Sarah's story provides insight into the life of a former slave and her perspectives on freedom, family, and community.
The chapter features an interview with Sarah Williams Wells, an 80-year-old former slave from Biscoe, Arkansas. Born in 1866, two years after the surrender, Sarah shares her life story and experiences as a former slave. She talks about her parents, her father's work as a blacksmith, and her mother's death. Sarah also discusses her marriage, children, and life after emancipation, including her work as a farmer and her husband's injury. She expresses her concerns about the current state of affairs, stating that people are getting worse and that the younger generation is not as good as it used to be. Sarah receives $8 and commodities from the government and lives in Biscoe, Arkansas.
The chapter features an interview with John Wesley, an elderly former slave from Helena, Arkansas. John shares his life story, including his experiences as a slave, his memories of the Civil War, and his life after emancipation. He recalls being sold on an auction block and working on various plantations, including one in Texas where he was taken by his owner to escape the Yankees. John also talks about his family, including his father, who was a blacksmith and a soldier in the Confederate Army, and his mother, who was a cook and a midwife. After the war, John worked as a farmer and a blacksmith, and he eventually settled in Helena, Arkansas, where he has lived for many years. Throughout the interview, John expresses his gratitude for his life and the opportunities he has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships.
Robert Wesley, a 74-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Shelby County, Alabama, and his parents were owned by Mary and John Watts. Robert's father, Thomas Wesley, was a slave who worked as a farmhand, and his mother, Mary, was a cook. After the war, Robert's family stayed on the plantation and worked as sharecroppers. Robert recalls the Yankees coming to the plantation and taking food and animals, and his mother hiding provisions to keep them from being taken. He also remembers his mistress being kind to him and his family, and how she allowed them to stay on the plantation after the war. Robert worked as a farmer and later as a laborer but struggled to make ends meet. He expresses gratitude for the life he has lived and the opportunities he has had, despite facing difficulties and hardships.
Maggie Wesmoland, an 85-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Arkansas and sold to Miss Betty Holland's daughter, who married a man named Cargo. Maggie's life was marked by hardship and abuse, particularly at the hands of Mr. Cargo, who was cruel and violent towards her. Despite the challenges she faced, Maggie persevered and eventually found a sense of freedom and independence. She worked as a cook and laundress, and later married and had children of her own. Maggie's story provides a glimpse into the life of a former slave and her experiences with slavery, freedom, and family.
The chapter features an interview with Calvin West, a 68-year-old former slave from Widener, Arkansas. Calvin shares his life story, including his birth in Tate County, Mississippi, and his experiences as a slave. He recounts how his parents were sold to different owners and how he was eventually freed after the Civil War. Calvin also discusses his life after emancipation, including his work as a farmer and his struggles to make a living. He expresses his gratitude for the life he has lived and the opportunities he has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships.
The chapter features an interview with Mary Mays West, a 65-year-old former slave from Widener, Arkansas. Mary shares her life story, including her birth in Tate County, Mississippi, and her experiences as a slave. She recounts her family's history, including her parents' names and their experiences as slaves. Mary also discusses her life after emancipation, including her work as a cook and her marriage. She expresses her gratitude for her life and the opportunities she has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships. The interview provides a glimpse into Mary's life as a former slave and her perspectives on freedom, family, and community.
Sylvester Wethington, a 77-year-old former slave, shares his experiences and memories of slavery and the Civil War. He recalls seeing the Malish (militia) pass by and the Yankees taking stock from his plantation. He also remembers a wall built in his room to hide provisions, which was undiscovered by the Yankees. Wethington's story provides a glimpse into the life of a former slave and his experiences during the Civil War.
Joe Whitaker, a 70-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Murray County, Tennessee, and his parents were slaves who belonged to George and Bill Whitaker. Joe's father was a blacksmith and a soldier in the Confederate Army, and his mother was a cook. After the war, Joe's family moved to Arkansas, where he grew up and got married. He worked as a blacksmith and a farmer and had ten children with his wife, who is a full-blood Cherokee Indian. Joe expresses his gratitude for his life and the opportunities he has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships. He also shares his thoughts on the current state of affairs, stating that times are hard and people are struggling to make ends meet.
The chapter features an interview with Mrs. Julia A. White, a 79-year-old former slave from Little Rock, Arkansas. Mrs. White shares her life story, including her birth in Little Rock, her parents' experiences as slaves, and her own experiences growing up in a family that valued education. She recounts how her father, a carpenter and cook, worked for various families, including the owners of the Anthony Hotel, where he set the first table. Mrs. White also discusses her marriage, children, and husband's work at the Missouri Pacific railroad shops. She expresses her gratitude for her life and the opportunities she has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships. The interview provides a glimpse into Mrs. White's life as a former slave and her perspectives on freedom, family, and community.
The chapter features a collection of interviews with former slaves, including Cora Weathers, Ishe Webb, Alfred Wells, and others, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. They describe their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Some interviewees discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features an interview with Lucy White, a 74-year-old former slave from Marianna, Arkansas. Lucy shares her experiences and memories of slavery, including her birth on a plantation in Mississippi and her family's move to Arkansas. She recounts her life as a slave, working in the field and doing domestic chores, and her experiences with the Yankees during the Civil War. After freedom, Lucy's family stayed on the plantation for about 20 years, working as sharecroppers and renting land. Lucy never voted and doesn't know much about voting. She receives $10 and commodities from the government, which helps her out. Lucy's opinions on the younger generation are that they are "cautious" and lazy, preferring to spend their time drinking and carousing rather than working hard. She believes that times are hard and people are struggling to make ends meet.
David Whiteman, an 88-year-old former slave, shares his experiences and memories of slavery and the Civil War. He recalls seeing Union and Confederate soldiers, and his young master going off to fight, but not returning. Whiteman also mentions the Ku Klux Klan and how they would whip African Americans who didn't have a pass. He notes that times have changed and people are no longer whipped for not having a pass. Whiteman's wife chimes in, mentioning that his mind seems "frazzled" since he had the flu. The interview provides a glimpse into Whiteman's life as a former slave and his experiences during the Civil War era.
Dolly Whiteside, an 81-year-old former slave, shares her experiences and memories of slavery and the Civil War. She was born in Arkansas and recalls being taken to Texas by her owner to escape the Yankees. After the war, she returned to Arkansas and worked as a cook and nurse. She also shares her experiences with the Ku Klux Klan and her thoughts on the current state of affairs, stating that times are hard and people are struggling to make ends meet.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including J.W. Whitfield, Cora Weathers, and Ishe Webb, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. They describe their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Some interviewees discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features an interview with Sarah Whitmore, a 100-year-old former slave from Clarendon, Arkansas. Sarah shares her experiences and memories of slavery, including her birth in Mississippi, her family's move to Arkansas, and her life on the plantation. She recounts her father's death at the hands of a white man and her own experiences with the Ku Klux Klan. Sarah also talks about her marriage, children, and life after emancipation, including her work as a midwife and her receipt of a $10 monthly government pension. Throughout the interview, Sarah's responses are often brief and fragmented, reflecting her advanced age and potential cognitive decline. The interviewer notes that Sarah's living conditions are poor, with a filthy bed, room, and person, and that she relies on others for support, including a white girl who brings her food.
Dock Wilborn, a 95-year-old former slave, shares his experiences and memories of slavery and the Civil War. He was born in Huntsville, Alabama, and was owned by Dan Wilborn, who moved to Arkansas with his three brothers and settled near Marvell in Phillips County. Dock's father, Sam, was disobedient and often escaped to the surrounding forests, prompting Dan Wilborn to enlist the aid of Nat Turner and his hounds to chase him down. After the war, Dock's family stayed with Dan Wilborn, who provided for their needs and protected them from harm. Dock married his wife, "Aunt Becky," 67 years ago, and they have four children together. They live in a small cabin near Marvell, supported by a small pension from the Social Security Board, and are happy and content, often reminiscing about their past and the good old days.
Bell Wilks, an 80-year-old former slave, shares her experiences and memories of slavery and freedom. She was raised in Pulaski, Tennessee, and her parents were owned by different masters. Her father, Freeman, was a field hand, and her mother, Callie, was a skilled weaver who wove cloth for the master's family and other slaves. After freedom, Bell's family stayed with their former master, John Wilks, for a while before moving to Arkansas. Bell became a midwife and nursed for several families, including Dr. Rothrock's. She never saw any Ku Klux Klan activity but heard stories about their presence in the area. Bell receives $8 and some commodities from the government, which helps her out. She believes that times have changed and that young people are too fast and lack respect for their elders.
The chapter features an interview with Bell Williams, an 85-year-old former slave from Forrest City, Arkansas. Bell shares her experiences and memories of slavery, including her parents' work as a weaver and field hand, and her own experiences as a midwife and nurse. She recalls her father's preaching and her family's move to Arkansas after the war. Bell also discusses her marriage, children, and life after emancipation, including her work as a midwife and her receipt of a small pension. Throughout the interview, Bell's responses are often brief and fragmented, reflecting her advanced age and potential cognitive decline.
Charlie Williams, a 73-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Mississippi and belonged to Nat Williams and Miss Carrie Williams. After the war, his family stayed with their former owner, Mr. Tom Williams, who was kind to them and wanted them to stay on his plantation. Charlie's family worked on the plantation, and he eventually became a farmer and worked on a steamboat on the White River for five or six years. Charlie never saw any Ku Klux Klan activity and was protected by Mr. Williams. He got married three times and had children, but now lives alone as a widower. Charlie receives a small check and commodities from the government, which helps him get by. He votes but hasn't done so in a long time, citing a lack of education on how to make informed decisions.
Columbus Williams, a 98-year-old former slave, shares his life story and experiences. He was born in Union County, Arkansas, in 1841, and his parents were born in Georgia. Williams' master, Ben Heard, was a cruel man who whipped his slaves frequently, and Williams recounts the brutal treatment he and others received. After the Civil War, Williams worked on a farm with Ben Heard for three years before moving on to work with other white folks on shares. He never owned his own farm but continued to rent and work on farms throughout his life. Williams voted whenever he wanted to and belonged to the A.M.E. Church. He married once, and his wife passed away 12 years ago. Williams reflects on the harsh realities of slavery and the struggles he faced after freedom, including being cheated out of his share of crops and struggling to make a living. Despite these challenges, he remained determined to work and provide for himself, and his story provides a glimpse into the life of a former slave and his experiences during and after the Civil War.
Frank Williams, a former slave aged 100 or more, shares his experiences of being whipped and mistreated during slavery. He ran away with the Yankees during the Civil War and has not returned home since. He expresses his desire to go back to his hometown of Laconia, Mississippi, and reconnect with his family and the Baptist church he belonged to. Frank's story highlights the harsh realities of slavery and the struggles faced by African Americans during and after the Civil War.
The chapter features an interview with Gus Williams, an 80-year-old former slave from Russellville, Arkansas. Gus shares his life story and experiences, including his birth in Georgia, his parents' experiences as slaves, and his own experiences working on plantations and farms. He discusses his marriages, children, and various occupations, including farming, sawmilling, and public work. Gus also talks about his voting history, having voted Republican, and his thoughts on the younger generation, whom he believes are too idle and disorderly. The interview provides a glimpse into Gus's life as a former slave and his perspectives on freedom, work, and social change.
Henrietta Williams, an 82-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Georgia and raised by her grandmother, who was a kind and gentle woman. Henrietta's mother was a field hand and her father was a blacksmith. After the war, Henrietta's family moved to Arkansas, where she grew up and got married. She had several children and worked as a field hand, but never learned to read or write. Henrietta's story provides insight into the life of a former slave and her experiences with slavery, freedom, and family.
The chapter features an interview with Henry Andrew (Tip) Williams, an 86-year-old former slave from Biscoe, Arkansas. Henry shares his life story, including his birth in North Carolina, his experiences as a slave, and his life after emancipation. He recounts his work as a field hand, his treatment by his master, and his memories of the Civil War. Henry also discusses his family, including his parents and siblings, and his life after freedom, including his work as a farmer and his receipt of a small pension. Throughout the interview, Henry expresses his gratitude for his life and the opportunities he has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships.
The chapter features an interview with James Williams, a 72-year-old former slave from Brinkley, Arkansas. James shares his life story and experiences, including his birth in Montgomery, Alabama, and his family's move to Mississippi. He recounts his life as a slave, working on plantations and farms, and his experiences with the Yankees during the Civil War. After freedom, James' family stayed on the plantation for a while before moving to Arkansas, where he has lived for most of his life. James expresses his gratitude for the life he has lived and the opportunities he has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships. He also shares his thoughts on the current state of affairs, stating that times are hard and people are struggling to make ends meet. James receives some assistance from the government but relies heavily on his children for support.
The chapter features an interview with John Williams, a 75-year-old former slave from Little Rock, Arkansas. John shares his life story, including his birth in Texas, his parents' experiences as slaves, and his own experiences working on plantations and farms. He discusses his family, including his father, who was a soldier in the Confederate Army, and his mother, who was a cook. After the war, John's family moved to Arkansas, where he grew up and got married. He worked as a farmer and later as a laborer, but struggled to make ends meet. John expresses his gratitude for his life and the opportunities he has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships. He also shares his thoughts on the current state of affairs, stating that times are hard and people are struggling to make ends meet.
The chapter features an interview with Lillie Williams, a 69-year-old former slave from Madison, Arkansas. Lillie shares her life story and experiences, including her birth in Mississippi, her family's move to Arkansas, and her life on a plantation. She recounts her work as a child, picking cotton and doing domestic chores, and her experiences with the Yankees during the Civil War. Lillie also talks about her family, including her parents and grandparents, and their struggles and achievements after emancipation. She expresses her concerns about the current state of affairs, stating that times are hard and people are struggling to make ends meet. Lillie receives some assistance from the government but relies heavily on her children for support.
Mary Williams, an 80-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in 1872 in Georgia and raised by her grandmother after her mother was forced to work in the fields. Mary's family moved to Arkansas after the war, where she grew up and got married. She worked as a field hand and later as a cook, but never learned to read or write. Mary's story provides insight into the life of a former slave and her experiences with slavery, freedom, and family. She also shares her thoughts on the current state of affairs, stating that people are getting worse and that the younger generation is not as good as it used to be. Mary receives $8 and commodities from the government, which helps her get by.
The chapter features an interview with Mary Williams, a 69-year-old former slave from Hazen, Arkansas. Mary shares her life story and experiences, including her birth in Georgia and her family's move to Arkansas after the war. She recounts her work as a field hand and her treatment by her master, as well as her memories of the Civil War and the Ku Klux Klan. Mary also discusses her family, including her parents and grandparents, and their struggles and achievements after emancipation. She expresses her concerns about the current state of affairs, stating that people are getting worse and that the younger generation is not as good as it used to be. Mary receives $8 and commodities from the government, which helps her get by.
The chapter features an interview with Mary Williams, an 82-year-old former slave from Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Mary shares her life story and experiences, including her birth in Georgia, her family's move to Arkansas, and her life on a plantation. She recounts her work as a house servant, her treatment by her master, and her memories of the Civil War. Mary also discusses her family, including her parents and grandparents, and their struggles and achievements after emancipation. She expresses her concerns about the current state of affairs, stating that people are getting worse and that the younger generation is not as good as it used to be. Mary receives a small pension and relies on her children for support.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Mary Williams, who shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Georgia and raised by her grandmother after her mother was forced to work in the fields. Mary's family moved to Arkansas after the war, where she grew up and got married. She worked as a field hand and later as a cook, but never learned to read or write. Mary's story provides insight into the life of a former slave and her experiences with slavery, freedom, and family. The interviews also touch on themes such as the treatment of slaves, the impact of the Civil War, and the struggles faced by African Americans during and after slavery. Additionally, the chapter includes accounts from other former slaves, who share their own experiences and perspectives on slavery and freedom.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Rosena Hunt Williams, Gus Williams, Henrietta Williams, and others, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. They describe their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Some interviewees discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including "Soldier" Williams, Gus Williams, Henrietta Williams, and others, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. They describe their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Some interviewees discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Anna Williamson, Gus Williams, Henrietta Williams, and others, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. They describe their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Some interviewees discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features an interview with Callie Halsey Williamson, a 60-year-old former slave from Biscoe, Arkansas. Callie shares her life story and experiences, including her birth in Alabama during slavery, her family's history, and her life after emancipation. She recounts how her parents were never sold and belonged to the same master, and how they were treated relatively well by their owners. Callie also discusses her own experiences as a slave, including her work as a child and her memories of the Civil War. After freedom, Callie's family lived on a farm and worked as sharecroppers, and she eventually moved to Arkansas, where she has lived for many years. Throughout the interview, Callie expresses her gratitude for her life and the opportunities she has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Charlotte Willis, who shares her life story and experiences as a slave. Charlotte's grandfather walked from Virginia to Mississippi, a journey that took several days. He was sold multiple times before being purchased by his final owner. Charlotte's family lived on a farm, where they worked from dawn till dusk, six days a week. They had some free time on Sundays, which they used to attend church and socialize. After the war, Charlotte's family moved to Arkansas, where they worked as sharecroppers. Charlotte got married and had children, but her husband died, leaving her to raise their kids alone. She worked hard to provide for her family and eventually bought a small farm. Charlotte's story provides insight into the life of a former slave and her experiences with slavery, freedom, and family. The interviews also touch on themes such as the treatment of slaves, the impact of the Civil War, and the struggles faced by African Americans during and after slavery.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Ella Wilson, Gus Williams, and Henrietta Williams, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. Ella Wilson was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and was taken to Louisiana by her owners. She had a hard time in slavery and was whipped and mistreated by her owners. After the war, she worked as a nurse and later moved to Arkansas, where she has lived for many years. Gus Williams was born in Georgia and was brought to Arkansas by his owner. He worked as a farmer and later as a laborer, but struggled to make ends meet. Henrietta Williams was born in Georgia and raised by her grandmother. She worked as a field hand and later as a cook, but never learned to read or write. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features interviews with former slaves, including Robert Wilson, Gus Williams, Henrietta Williams, and others, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. They describe their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Some interviewees discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era. The interviewees also share their thoughts on the current state of affairs, with some expressing gratitude for their lives and the opportunities they have had, while others express disappointment and frustration with the challenges faced by African Americans during and after slavery.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Tom Windham, Gus Williams, Henrietta Williams, and others, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. They describe their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Some interviewees discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features interviews with former slaves, including Ella Wilson, Robert Wilson, and Tom Windham, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. Ella Wilson recalls her life as a slave, including being whipped and mistreated, and her experiences with the Yankees during the Civil War. Robert Wilson discusses his life as a slave, his experiences during the Civil War, and his thoughts on the current state of affairs. Tom Windham shares his experiences as a slave, including being sold and separated from his family, and his encounters with the Ku Klux Klan after the war. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features a collection of interviews with former slaves, including Tom Windham, Gus Williams, Henrietta Williams, and others, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era. The informants discuss their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Some interviewees discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews also touch on themes such as the treatment of slaves, the impact of the Civil War, and the struggles faced by African Americans during and after slavery.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Alice Wise, Frank Wise, and others, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. They describe their daily lives as slaves, including their work, living conditions, and relationships with their owners and fellow slaves. Some interviewees discuss their experiences during the Civil War, including encounters with Union and Confederate soldiers. After the war, many of the interviewees worked as sharecroppers or farmers, and some describe the difficulties they faced in rebuilding their lives. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.
The chapter features an interview with Frank Wise, an 81- to 85-year-old former slave from Little Rock, Arkansas. Frank shares his life story, including his birth in Georgia, his experiences as a slave, and his life after emancipation. He recounts how he was sold as a slave and forced to work on a plantation, and how he eventually escaped and joined the Union Army during the Civil War. After the war, Frank worked as a farmer and a railroad worker, and he eventually settled in Arkansas. Frank also discusses his experiences with racism and discrimination, including being forced to ride in separate railroad cars and being denied the right to vote. Throughout the interview, Frank expresses his gratitude for his life and the opportunities he has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships.
The chapter features an interview with Lucy Withers, an 86-year-old former slave from Brinkley, Arkansas. Lucy shares her experiences and memories of slavery, including her birth in South Carolina and her family's move to Arkansas after the war. She recounts her life on a farm, working as a child, and her experiences with the Yankees during the Civil War. Lucy also talks about her family, including her parents and grandparents, and their struggles and achievements after emancipation. She expresses her concerns about the current state of affairs, stating that times are hard and people are struggling to make ends meet. Lucy receives a pension as the wife of a Union soldier and lives in a house she bought with her pension money.
The chapter features an interview with Anna Woods, an elderly former slave from Grand Avenue, who shares her life story and experiences as a slave. Anna was born in South Carolina and belonged to Mrs. Glover, who treated her well and did not allow her to be whipped. Anna's mother was a cook and her father was a field hand. After the war, Anna's family moved to Texas, where they worked as sharecroppers. Anna later traveled to various places, including Virginia, and worked as a cook and nurse. She eventually settled in Hot Springs, Arkansas, where she has lived for many years. Anna recounts her experiences as a slave, including her work in the house and field, and her treatment by her owners. She also discusses her life after emancipation, including her work as a cook and nurse, and her travels to various places. Anna's story provides a glimpse into the life of a former slave and her experiences during and after the Civil War.
The chapter features an interview with Cal Woods, an 85-year-old former slave from Biscoe, Arkansas. Cal was born in South Carolina during slavery and belonged to a man named John Woods. He remembers the war and the Yankees coming to their place, but his family was not bothered much. After the war, Cal's family stayed on the old plantation, and he worked as a farmer. He later moved to Arkansas, where he has lived for many years. Cal talks about the differences between the old days and the present, stating that people had more back then, despite the hardships of slavery. He also discusses the Ku Klux Klan and their activities after the war, as well as his own experiences with voting and politics. Cal's story provides a glimpse into the life of a former slave and his perspectives on freedom, work, and social change.
The chapter features an interview with Maggie Woods, a 70-year-old former slave from Brassfield, Arkansas. Maggie shares her life story and experiences as a slave, including her birth in Summerville, Tennessee, and her family's history. She recounts how her grandmother was sold and her parents were field hands, but they were not sold themselves. Maggie's parents belonged to the Douglass family, who were considered good masters. They provided enough food and clothing for their slaves and even trained some of them as midwives. Maggie remembers the Douglass family's kindness and how they would often have preaching and singing in their quarters. After the war, Maggie's family moved to Indian Bay, where they worked on a farm. Maggie never learned to read or write but was able to make a living by working as a day laborer. She has one daughter who lives away from her and sends her $2 for Christmas. Maggie makes a living by working and receives no government assistance. She has a recipe for a salve made from chitlings that she uses to treat various ailments. Maggie believes that the young generation is weaker in body than older folks and lacks the strength and endurance to work hard. She thinks that the present times are hard and that people are struggling to make ends meet.
The chapter features an interview with Sam Word, a 79-year-old former slave from Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Sam was born in Arkansas County in 1859 and belonged to Bill Word. He remembers the Civil War and the Yankees coming to his master's house, where they tried to hang his master for not revealing the location of his money. Sam also recalls his mother working as a housekeeper and his father being a farmhand. After the war, Sam's family moved to Jefferson County, where he grew up and eventually worked as a farmer and a laborer. Sam shares his experiences with slavery, freedom, and the challenges faced by African Americans during and after the Civil War. He also discusses his views on politics, education, and the younger generation, expressing his concerns about their lack of common sense and domestic training. Additionally, Sam shares some of his personal experiences, including his encounters with ghosts and hauntings, which he believes were more prevalent in the past.
The chapter features an interview with Sam Word, a 78-year-old former slave from Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Sam shares his life story, including his birth in Arkansas County, his experiences during the Civil War, and his life after emancipation. He recounts how his master, Bill Word, was forced to join the Confederate army and how he, as a young boy, was left to care for the farm. Sam also talks about the Yankees coming to their farm, the freed slaves' expectations of receiving land and money, and the harsh realities of sharecropping and farming after the war. Additionally, Sam shares his experiences with the Ku Klux Klan, his views on voting and politics, and his struggles with poverty and blindness in his old age. The interview provides a glimpse into Sam's life as a former slave and his perspectives on freedom, work, and social change.
The chapter features an interview with Ike Worthy, a 74-year-old former slave from Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Ike shares his life story, including his birth in Selma, Alabama, and his experiences as a slave. He recalls being fed in a trough with his siblings and working on a plantation in Louisiana. After the war, Ike's family moved to Arkansas, where he grew up and worked as a farmer. He expresses his gratitude for his life and the opportunities he has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships. Ike also discusses his experiences with voting and his thoughts on the current state of affairs, stating that he believes the younger generation is not as well off as he was at their age and that they are too idle and disorderly.
The chapter features an interview with Alice Wright, a 74-year-old former slave from Little Rock, Arkansas. Alice shares her life story, including her birth in slavery in Alabama, her family's experiences during the Civil War, and her life after emancipation. She recounts how her father escaped from his master and took her and her siblings to Mississippi, where they lived in freedom. Alice also discusses her own experiences with slavery, including being fed from a trough as a child and her mother's work as a cook for the white family. After the war, Alice's family farmed and worked for themselves, but she notes that they never received any compensation or support from their former masters. Alice expresses gratitude for her life and the opportunities she has had, despite facing many challenges and hardships.
Hannah Brooks Wright, an 85-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born on Elsa Brooks' plantation in Mississippi during slavery times and served as a house girl. Hannah remembers the Yankees coming through and her owner, Elsa Brooks, telling her that she was free. After freedom, Hannah's family stayed with Elsa Brooks, and Hannah worked as a laundress. She married Willis Wright in 1901, and he died in 1928. Hannah owns her home but struggles to pay taxes. She expresses her concerns about the younger generation, stating that they are lazy and lack respect for their elders. Hannah also shares her experiences with slavery, including being forced to work at a young age and being treated relatively well by her owners. She recounts her life after emancipation, including her work as a laundress and her marriage. Throughout the interview, Hannah provides a glimpse into her life as a former slave and her perspectives on freedom, work, and social change.
The chapter features an interview with Tom Yates, a 66-year-old former slave from Marianna, Arkansas. Tom shares his life story, including his birth in Mississippi, his parents' experiences as slaves, and his father's involvement in the Civil War. Tom's father, William Yeates, was sold as a slave and later ran away to join the Union Army, where he served as a private and was mustered out at DeValls Bluff, Arkansas. Tom also discusses his own life, including his work as a farmer and his family's history. The interview provides a glimpse into Tom's life as a former slave and his perspectives on freedom, family, and the Civil War. Additionally, the chapter includes interviews with other former slaves, including Hannah Brooks Wright and Annie Young, who share their own experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom.
Annie Young, a 76-year-old former slave, shares her life story and experiences. She was born in Arkansas and belonged to Sam Knox, who she remembers as a good master. Annie recalls the day her master's son was killed and the sound of cannons during the war. She also remembers the soldiers coming to their home and taking food. After the war, Annie's family moved to the piney woods, where her stepfather worked as a preacher and her mother hired out to work by the day. Annie worked in the field from a young age and later worked as a janitor and matron at the police headquarters for 23 years. She is now a homeowner in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and has lived there for about 50 or 60 years. Annie expresses her concerns about the current state of affairs, stating that if justice were done, everyone would have a living, and she is proud of having earned the money to buy her home.
The chapter features an interview with John Young, a 92-year-old former slave from Pine Bluff, Arkansas. John shares his life story, including his birth in Virginia, his mother's sale to a speculator, and his experiences as a slave in Arkansas. He recounts his work on a plantation, his escape to Pine Bluff, and his enlistment in the 57th colored infantry during the Civil War. John also discusses his experiences as a soldier, including his role as a drummer and his participation in battles. After the war, John returned to farming and later worked on a steamboat. The interview provides a glimpse into John's life as a former slave and his perspectives on freedom, war, and reconstruction.
The chapter features interviews with several former slaves, including Hannah Brooks Wright, Tom Yates, Annie Young, and John Young, who share their experiences and memories of slavery, the Civil War, and freedom. Hannah Brooks Wright recounts her life as a slave, including her birth on a plantation in Mississippi, her work as a house girl, and her experiences with the Yankees during the Civil War. Tom Yates shares his story of being born in Mississippi, his father's involvement in the Civil War, and his own life after emancipation. Annie Young discusses her life as a slave, including her work in the field, her experiences with the Ku Klux Klan, and her life after freedom. John Young, who was a drummer in the Civil War, shares his experiences as a soldier and his life after the war. The interviews provide a glimpse into the lives of former slaves and their perspectives on slavery, freedom, and the post-war era.